Carbon fibre reinforced plastics (CFRP)

Carbon fibre-reinforced plastics are made up of two main components: A matrix of plastic and the reinforcement of carbon fibres. The matrix, usually made of polymers such as epoxy resin, polyester or vinyl ester, encloses and supports the fibres, which can take the form of fabrics, mats or aligned strands.  

The carbon fibres used in most materials are extremely thin, around 5 to 10 micrometres in diameter, and consist of long chains of carbon atoms that offer high tensile strength and stiffness. 

The specific arrangement and proportion of fibres within the matrix play a crucial role in the final mechanical properties of the composite material. Additional additives and fillers can be added to achieve specific properties. These include 

• UV resistance 
• Flammability reduction 
• Electrical conductivity 

Characteristics of carbon fibre reinforced plastics at a glance 

The outstanding properties of CFRP include exceptional strength and rigidity, often exceeding that of steel. The difference: carbon fibre reinforced plastics achieve this performance with only a fraction of the weight of steel.  

Carbon fibre reinforced plastics have excellent specific strength (strength per unit weight) and specific stiffness (stiffness per unit weight), making them ideal for applications where weight reduction is critical.  

In addition, the material is characterised by high fatigue resistance and corrosion resistance, which makes it particularly durable. However, caution is advised when it comes to impacts and shocks. CFRP has a relatively low impact strength. 

Applications from aerospace to automotive 

Carbon fibre reinforced plastics are used in a wide range of applications, from aerospace to automotive, sports equipment, construction and wind energy. In the aerospace industry, CFRP components are used in the lightweight construction of structural elements for aeroplanes and satellites. 

In the automotive sector, CFRP enables the production of lighter and therefore more energy-efficient vehicles. Carbon fibre-reinforced plastics are also popular in the sports sector, for example for bicycle frames, golf clubs and rowing boats. They are also used in the construction industry for load-bearing structures and in wind power for the production of turbine blades, where the materials can withstand extreme weather conditions and environmental stresses.